Arkansas HVACR NewsMagazine May 2025 Issue

News Magazine May 2025

Arkansas’ First and Only HVACR NewsMagazine

So Many Changes at the Same Time

Bryan Orr Refrigerant Charging pg 28

New Law You can run 75’ of electrical and gas pg 5

License Renewal Unbelievable Screw Up But They are working it out and We’ll Make it with Patience pg 3

License Renewal What you should know pg 8 Let’s See What You are Enduring pg 9 Continuing Education Goes from 4 a year to 8 ever three years pg 5 Kirk’s Corner Refrigerant Charging pg 16

Business Tom Turner Value is Where You Create It pg 33

Craig Migliacco Measuring Pressure Drop pg 24

Bryan Orr Best Practices to Conserve Refrigerant pg 20

The Latest Confusion 410A to A2L Transition pg 12

By Arkansans

For Arkansans

News Magazine May2025

Table of Contents

18

Editorial Digital License Renewal : Unbelievable Screw Up

pg 3

FEATURE STORY License Renewal : What You Should Know

pg 8

PG 9

Let’s See What You are Enduring

State, national, chapter news Big Changes to Arkansas Law : Act 746

PG 5

pg 12

Latest Confusion in 410A to A2L Transition

PG 15

ESCO Charges into the Future with Cool Comic Strip

pg 16

Kirk’s Corner: Successfully Upsell Customers to High -Efficiency Natural Gas

Education News Training Programs

pg 20 pg 24 PG 19

Tech News

PG 20

Best Practices to Conserve Refrigerant (Bryan Orr - HVAC School) Measuring Pressure Drop (Craig Migliacco AC Service Tech)

PG 24

PG 28

Refrigerant Charging ((Bryan Orr - HVAC School)

Business News Value is Where You Create It (Tom Turner - Air Evangelist)

pg 30 PG 33 pg 36 PG 33

News Magazine May 2025

last License Board meeting, Director Lindsay Moore commented that our guys, the HVACR folks, were very patient and understanding. I think that is because we have a good working relationship with the Department. We are not adversarial. We are on the same team; however, this sort of thing is testing that relationship. Well, not exactly. We know that we have a friend on the phone and they are doing everything they can to help. Takes time. Sometimes the phone is tied up and they can’t get with us for a couple of days. Sometimes they have a problem working out the problem. Just stay patient. Lindsay assures that no one will have to pay a late fee as long as the person is honestly trying to renew. What is honestly? Well, someone running several months behind can’t use this snafu as an excuse for having let their license expire. We have to be honest. Look, we know if our problem is us or them. If it is them, they will cover us. Here is the deal. I guess I should have expected a screw up sometime but I did not expect one of this magnitude. Till now, Labor and Licensing and our partners there have been exemplary. But boy, when they screw up, they really screw up. Of course, we never make a mistake. Ugh! That was sarcastic. We all make mistakes. It is just that this one was really big and affected thousands of licensees. It will all work out. Just stay patient and realize that they are doing all they can to make it better. Be the good guys we have the reputation for being.

Digital License Renewal Unbelievable Screw Up Frequently, folks think that I have my nose up the rear of the Department of Labor and Licensing and I can understand why. I am constantly bragging about the way the Department has handled the HVACR program. We are so much better off now than the pre-Labor and Licensing days. There is a rapport and support and partnership between the Department and the industry. It has been an example of the way an industry and the regulators should work together. Most of you know that we are changing to digital license renewal. That should have streamlined and made the process more efficient. We were so positive about the change because the wrinkles were ironed out with the electricians. At least we thought so. Not the case at all. It has been a screw up of catastrophic proportions. I don’t know of a single person whose renewal has gone smoothly. Not because our folks in the office have not tried to make it work. They are spending their days trying to kindly and patiently help our folks get their licenses renewed. I feel so sorry for them because they are on the front lines of service listening to the same story from everyone. I don’t know who supposedly created and tested the new system but they certainly did a terrible job. So what are we, the licensees, to do? Do what you are presently doing. Calling the office and politely asking for help. In the

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HVACR NewsMagazine May 2025

State National Chapter News

determines that a specific class of license requires continuing education; Section 17 Class C license is eliminated 3) Class C — Entitles the licensee who is in the business of servicing and repairing heating, ventilation, air conditioning, or refrigeration equipment for the public to service, repair, or replace components of HVACR equipment and to perform HVACR work on air conditioning systems that develop a total of not more than fifteen (15) tons of cooling capacity per unit or one million (1,000,000) BTUH heating input per unit and refrigeration systems of fifteen horsepower (15 h.p.) or less per unit. A Class C license holder shall not install any original HVACR equipment or replace any existing HVACR equipment; Section 51 Current Class C licenses will be grandfathered to a Class B license. HVACR Class C license transfer. As of September 1, 2025, all active and current Class C license holders will be Class B license holders and may perform all HVACR work previously permitted with a Class C license and that of a Class B license. Running gas pipe and electrical and the elimination of the C license is simple. The change in continuing education is a bit more complicated. That part of the new law will have to be worked out by the Department, approved by the Board, offered to the public for comment, approved by the Board, presented to the Legislature, and approved by the Governor. That will take a while. In the meantime, the Department will proceed in a manner that best serves the industry. More explanations will follow via email and in the September NewsMagazine.

Big Changes to Arkansas HVAC Law Act 746 The following is taken from Act 746 as found on the Arkansas Legislature web site. Struck through language was deleted from the previous law and underlined language was added to the previous law. The section and general intent precedes the direct quote. Section 10 You can run gas pipe 75 feet 8) “HVACR gas fitting work" means gas fitting work for the purpose of 15 supplying an HVACR system and shall be limited to installing six feet (6′) seventy five feet (75’) or less final of gas piping connection to a heating 17 unit from an existing, accessible manual safety shutoff gas cock, installing 18 flue gas vents and combustion air for the HVACR system; Section 12 You can run electrical 75 feet b) Any individual licensed or registered to perform HVACR work may perform electrical connections to heating and air conditioning units without obtaining any other license to perform the work, so long as the connection is made to a disconnecting means suitable in capacity for the equipment to be served and is provided by others within ten feet (10′) seventy- five feet (75’) of the unit. Section 14 CE changes to 8 hours per Code Cycle Establish by board rule a maximum of four (4) eight (8) hours per year International Mechanical Code cycle of continuing education if the board

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SUMMARY OF ERC LOAN PROGRAM Southwest Arkansas Electric Cooperative Energy Resource Conservation (ERC) Loan Program provides low cost financing for high efficiency heat pumps and other energy conservation improvements needed to make your home energy efficient. With approved credit and completion of the home survey, SWAECC will loan up to $5,000 per member per residential structure at 5% interest for up to 84 months. These loans are to finance energy conservation measures including heat pumps (including water source), caulking, weather stripping, insulation, storm or thermal doors and windows, etc. Loans for more than $5,000 will need Board of Director approval. Loans which do not include a heat pump will be limited to $3,000. To qualify, all conservation measures must save enough energy within 10 years to pay for the improvements. Payback estimates are determined by the Cooperative's Home Survey. Because loan funds are limited, loans will be made on a first come, first served basis. QUALIFICATIONS To qualify for the loan the member must have a good credit history with Southwest Arkansas Electric Cooperative and a good national credit rating. A three-member loan committee will check the member's credit before approving the loan. Loans will only be made for existing homes or buildings. The program is not for homes under construction. Also, property must be owned by the member. The cooling capacity of the heat pump should not exceed 125% of the calculated design load. The heat pump must also meet minimum efficiency ratings to qualify. The SEER rating must be 14.0 or above and the HSPF must be 8.0 or higher. All duct work, including all supply and return air duct work, must be installed with a minimum of 2" duct insulation or rigid fiberglass board and must be sized properly for noise reduction and air flow. HOME SURVEY Before a loan can be made, a home energy survey must be completed. This is a questionnaire concerning the existing and proposed energy efficiency of the property . CONTACT YOUR DEALER We advise but do not require you to contact more than one qualified dealer or contractor for cost estimates to install a heat pump and making other improvements such as storm windows or insulation if they are advised. To qualify for the ERC Loan, the unit must be installed by a member of the Arkansas HVACR Association. SUBMIT APPLICATION FOR ERC LOAN Complete and return the credit application, and the credit check authorization form in this brochure. Your application will be submitted to our loan committee for consideration, and we will notify you in writing of their decision. Once your credit is approved, we will need a copy of the deed to your property for proof of ownership and a legal description. The cooperative will file a lien on the proper-ty to secure the loan. A one-time fee of $30 will be charged to cover the cost of placing and releasing the property lien PROCESSING LOAN DOCUMENTS Upon completion of the work, a serviceman will inspect it. When the invoice is received and the inspection is complete, we will make an appointment for you to come to our Texarkana office to sign the loan papers and have them notarized. All checks will be two-party checks made out to both you and the contractor or contractors. NOTE : Cost of equipment and installation are to be negotiated between you and your contractor. You will be responsible for getting the invoices to us for processing and making payment to your contractor. A two-party check will be written to both you and the dealer . Sign the check only after work is completed.

News Magazine May 2025

FEATURE STORY

License Renewal What you should know

Safari) before attempting to apply or renew.”

Digital license renewal started in April. You know it has been a pain for everyone but we covered that in the editorial so we’ll stay with the facts. First , you should not send in your renewal via hard copy mail. Lindsay Moore, Director of Code Enforcement wrote, “…starting on April 1 st please do not send any license renewal packets or payment check to the HVACR Office this year by mail, UPS, or FedEx, as we will be processing all Renewals and payments online through ELP exclusively. ” Second , Moore also wrote, “All class holders and registrants will maintain their current HVACR License Number from the old database, as all class holder and registrant license data are in the process of being migrated to ELP currently.” Third , “Each class holder and registrant will have a unique profile and username that is associated with each current class holder and registrant license number.” Fourth , “…you will receive two emails for EACH license that you have with us. One email will have your username , and the second will have an activation link .

Sixth, messages will come from , noreply@inpweb.com or adll.hvac@arkansas.gov

In regard to what you may encounter, I can give my personal experience as well as that of many folks that I speak with daily. I received 4 emails over two days. None of them worked as promised. The phone number did work and I called the office at 501-682-9201. After visiting with one of the very nice agents, my account was authorized. I think that means they assigned me a correct connection. Using it, I was able to see my license and download it but could not renew my license. At this point, I am waiting on a call back to help me renew. I had a meeting with Lindsay Moore, Director of Code Enforcement. He was forthcoming in explaining the problem and apologetic for the frustration this is causing the industry. It appears that the problem has to be worked out one at a time with each licensee. With about 9,000 licensees, that is going to take a while. If our renewals are spread out over 12 months, that is 750 a month or 34 per day. That is a do-able number. Only problem is, there are almost another

Fifth, “Please ensure you have installed a modern browser ( Chrome, Firefox, Edge,

News Magazine May 2025

FEATURE STORY

9,000 registrants that also have to be processed.

Let’s See What

You Are Enduring

Our program is short staffed and there is no budget for temporary help. Bottom line is that we have to do what we have been doing — Staying Patient. It will all work out. Lindsay also promised to waive legitimate late fees that may incur. Just start your renewal as soon as you get your letters and be patient. Again, it will all work out — eventually. By the way, they know they screwed up. We don’t have to tell them. And it was not the folks that you will be talking to that screwed up. It was somewhere up the ladder. The folks you will be speaking with are the front line folks trying to help you. They deserve our sympathy and appreciation. I would hate to have their job.

Phase Out of 410A Introduction of A2L Conflicting information on 410A parts • Is a condenser a part or a system? • Is an evaporator a part or a system? Scarcity of 454B Out the roof pricing on 454B Misinformation on selling 410A systems Shortage of 410A equipment Digital license renewal License renewals in the summer and having put off getting continuing education In person CE not readily available for summer license renewals Yo Momma told you there’d be days like this.

Try a little Serenity Fishing

Momma Said There’d Be Days Like This She Just Didn’t Say How Many

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HVACR NewsMagazine May 2025

State National Chapter News

whole new system is installed it must use lower-GWP refrigerant. Question: Can I replace the condensing unit and replace the indoor coil at a later time? Answer: Yes. Systems may be repaired over time. Factors for homeowners to consider when deciding to repair or transition to a new system using a lower GWP refrigerant include availability of components, energy efficiency, and total maintenance costs. Manufacturer Questions on Residential Air Conditioner Split Systems” Question: Can I manufacture residential air conditioner condensing units designed to use R-410A after January 1, 2025? Answer: Yes. All parts of an R-410A residential air conditioning unit (e.g., inside unit, outside unit, line-sets) can continue to be manufactured. Specified components (i.e., condensing units, condensers, compressors, evaporator units, and evaporators) manufactured with R-410A after January 1, 2025, must be clearly labeled noting that the component may be used “for servicing existing equipment only”. Question: Is there a date when I can no longer sell condensing units designed to use R-410A? Answer: No. Components are not subject to the prohibitions on sale, distribution, and export. Can I sell residential air conditioner components using R-410A after the January 1, 2026 installation deadline? Answer: Yes. The Technology Transitions Program allows for the continued sale and “Original Equipment “Distributor Questions” Question:

Latest Confusion in 410A to A2L We just completed 8 continuing education classes in the 8 chapters of the Association entitled, “Transiti oning from 410A to A2L. One slide was clear, what we presented was current until it was no longer current. Let’s look at example of changing in the real world. under section, “Questions on Products and Systems” . Question: Is a condensing unit a product? What if it is charged at the factory? Answer: A condensing unit is not a product for purposes of the Technology Transitions Program. It is a component. Whether it is pre-charged or field charged, it must be connect to an evaporator to serve its intended purpose. “Homeowner Questions on Residential Air Conditioner Split Systems” Question: My R-410A unitary air conditioner condensing unit broke. Do I need to buy a whole new system with the lower-GWP refrigerant or can I replace the faulty component? Answer: Homeowners can maintain and repair their systems throughout the useful life of the equipment. A homeowner can replace a faulty component (e.g., condensing unit, indoor coil, other smaller parts) with a similar R-410A component. After January 1, 2026, if a https://www.epa.gov/climate-hfcs reduction/frequent-questions-phasedown hydrofluorocarbons#technology transitions-program Last update 3-31-2025 We quoted the EPA at their website

HVACR NewsMagazine May 2025

State National Chapter News

distribution of condensing units, indoor coils, indoor air handling units, and other parts that use R-410A so long as they are used to service legacy R-410A systems. Components using R-410A cannot be used to install a new R-410A system beginning January 1, 2026. Specified components (i.e., condensing units, condensers, compressors, evaporator units, and evaporators) manufactured with R-410A after January 1, 2025, must be clearly labeled noting that the component may be use d “for servicing existing equipment only.” “Technician Questions” Question: Can I use existing R-410A components (either used or held in inventory) to build a new R-410A system after January 1, 2025?* Answer: No. No new system may be installed using HFC refrigerants about the GWP limit after the compliance date, even if the components were manufactured prior to that date. Did you note that questions frequently referred to systems vs components? Components are bundled to make a system. You can’t have air conditioning without a system but you can have components without air conditioning. It is simple. You can make a system work with components used to make a repair but you cannot bundle components to make a system. We all understand that. This article, “Frequent questions on the Phasedown of Hydrofluorocarbons” on the EPA website specifically lists condensing units, indoor coils, other smaller parts) as components and specifically states, these components can *Just a note. The cut off date for installing 410A systems was changed to January 1, 2026.

be used to “ maintain and repair their systems throughout the useful life of the equipment .” OK, what is the deal? More than one manufacturer now says that the EPA has changed their rules and a condenser unit cannot be replaced. Some have even said that a compressor cannot be replaced. Where is this coming from? One manufacturer is using the new M1 to M2 testing requirement being placed on 410A systems to help justify them not making any more 410A systems. According to them, the new testing procedures are so onerous that they cannot justify making 410A systems. So, if my information is correct, they are saying that the EPA has made it illegal to make 410A systems and that may not be the case. It certainly is the case that the EPA is making it onerous to comply with testing and the manufacturer has opted not to make 410A systems. This may be their best option and we can’t blame them for making a good financial decision. What we do question is, “How will they furnish replacement components when the system is still under warranty if they are not making some 410A components; i.e., condensers, compressors, and maybe others?” Let’s say a homeowner has a 10 year warranty and the compressor needs replacing at 8 years. Let’s say that the manufacturer is no longer supplying the compressor. What is the homeowner to do? What is the dealer / contractor to do? Will the manufacturer replace the entire system with a new A2L system? Will they prorate the current value of the replacement part based on the life expectancy of the part. In this case, the 10 year warranty. If that is the case, will they factor in the total value of the system

HVACR NewsMagazine May 2025

State National Chapter News

or just the part needing to be replaced. Reminds you of having an older vehicle being totaled and the insurance only offering the book value even though it was in remarkable shape with few miles. We know how the insurance deal goes. How will be 410A system still under warranty be resolved? Here is the bottom line as we see it: 1. 410A systems can be repaired with components in perpetuity as far as the EPA is concerned. 2. Manufacturers will only supply 410A components as long as it is economically feasible. If we are right, that is your customer’s future and your future. Both futures are linked and you have to make your decision based on what you think is fair for your homeowner and profitable for you. Maybe you should make the change to A2L systems even if you wanted to avoid the early adoption problems. Yes, there are early adoption problems already. A2L systems come charged for a line set of 15 feet. What do you do if the line set is longer. Sounds like an easy fix? Oh contrair. If you use 454B, with a blend of ~68.9% R-32 & 31.1% R-1234yf, how will you charge for the extra line set. Our sources say 454B is in short supply. Some say they will not get significant supplies till June (they hope). Some think they can add R-32 and, who knows, maybe they can; but, do they know? Option says you can top off a R-454B system with 454B even though it is a blend. They don’t say you can indiscriminately add R-32. This quote from Opteon is on their “ Chill Zone Minute: Toppng Off R-454B ” with Don Gillis found at http://www.opteon.com/en/support/tra ining

The silver lining is the supply chain will eventually catch up.

The Supply Chain Will Eventually Catch Up

Until then, there are few easy choices. Excuse the grammar; but, his AIN’T your first monkey show. You’ve made it through more than most trades have even had nightmares about. You can do it again. Actually, you don’t have a choice. You just have to stop worrying, adopt a company policy, and be honest and transparent about that policy; i.e., “ I am positive what the future is and I am positive that this is the way my company will handle it. ”

If Using A2L — •

If you can, put the condenser and evaporator within 15 feet of each other until R-454B is available.

If Using 410A — •

Stock components and refrigerant. • Be transparent with your homeowner about the future issues of warranty service.

Esco Institute Charges into the Future with

Looking to learn in a fun way, introducing Refrigerant Renegades, the coolest comic strip in the HVACR industry.

Issue #1 drops you straight into Comfort City, where climate control isn’t just a job — it’s a way of life. For years, the legendary Chillmaster R-410A has kept temperatures tame and systems stable. But the winds of change are blowing... Now, two bold newcomers are rising from the next generation of refrigerants: R-454B – the eco-conscious warrior with efficiency in his veins and sustainability on his mind. R-32 – the lightning-fast ninja of cooling, bringing high performance with every stealthy swoop.

Together, they’re rewriting the rules of refrigeration. Can they coexist? Will the Chillmaster step aside… or suit up for one final showdown?

Stay tuned. The battle for the future of HVACR is just heating up... or, well, cooling down.

They are always doing something cool at ESCO. Select Ctrl and Enter on the arrow to watch episode 1

ARHVACR NewsMagazine May2025

S tate, National, Chapter News State national Chapter News

Kirk’s Corner How to Successfully Upsell Customers to a High-Efficiency Natural Gas Furnace As HVAC contractors, one of the best services you can offer your customers is education — especially when it comes to upgrading their HVAC systems. A common scenario you may encounter: a homeowner is ready to replace their aging standard-efficiency natural gas furnace (usually 80% AFUE), and you have an opportunity to present the long term value of investing in a high efficiency model (typically 95% plus AFUE). high efficiency furnaces come with a higher upfront cost, and many customers are hesitant. That’s where your ability to effectively communicate the benefits and address objections becomes critical. Here’s how to approach the upsell in a way that builds trust, delivers real value, and increases your bottom line — without being pushy. But here's the challenge — Step 1: Understand What Motivates the Homeowner Every upsell conversation should start with listening. What are the customer’s goals? • Are they concerned about rising energy bills?

• Do they plan to stay in their home long-term? • Are they looking for quieter operation or more consistent comfort? • Are they environmentally conscious? Once you understand their “why,” you can tailor your pitch accordingly. Step 2: Explain the Real-World Benefits (Not Just Efficiency Numbers) Most homeowners don’t know what “AFUE” means — and many won’t care unless you translate that number into real-life benefits like cost savings and comfort. Key Selling Points of High-Efficiency Furnaces: Lower Utility Bills: A high-efficiency furnace can use significantly less natural gas compared to older models. Many homeowners may notice a reduction in heating costs over time, though actual savings can vary based on climate and usage habits.

ARHVACR NewsMagazine May2025

S tate, National, Chapter News State national Chapter News

Long-Term Savings: Yes, the upfront cost is higher — but with energy savings and Summit Utilities rebates, the payback period can be just a few years. After that, it’s money in their pocket. Quieter Operation: Two-stage or modulating burners and variable-speed blowers found in high efficiency units result in smoother, quieter operation. Consistent Comfort: High-efficiency systems provide better temperature control, fewer drafts, and more even heating throughout the home. Friendly: Burning less natural gas means fewer emissions — a key selling point for eco conscious homeowners and younger buyers. Increased Home Value: An upgraded HVAC system adds value and appeal when it’s time to sell — especially in energy-efficient or green home markets. Environmentally Step 3: Leverage Rebates and Financing Cost is usually the biggest hurdle. That’s where rebates, tax credits, and financing can make all the difference. Make sure you and your team stay up to date on:

• In-house or third-party financing options Use language like: “With available rebates from Summit Utilities and flexible financing through XYZ Bank, upgrading to a high efficiency furnace could cost as little as $XX/month — and your energy savings may cover that or more each month.” Step 4: Use Visuals and Tools Don’t just talk — show them the math. Use a tablet or printed comparison chart that breaks down: • Estimated annual fuel usage • Energy costs of 80% vs. 95% AFUE models

• Payback timeline

• Available rebates and credits

Visuals help customers connect emotionally and financially to the benefits.

Step 5: Address Common Objections with Confidence Here are a few typical objections — and how to respond: Objection: “That’s a big jump in price.” Response: “You’re right — there is an upfront difference. But the monthly savings usually offset that quickly, and you’ll enjoy quieter, more consistent heat. Plus, we can help with rebates and flexible payment options.” Objection: “I’m not sure we’ll be in the home long enough.”

• Summit Utilities rebate offerings

• Federal energy efficiency tax credits

Manufacturer promotions

•

ARHVACR NewsMagazine May2025

S tate, National, Chapter News State national Chapter News

Response: “That makes sense. But if you plan to sell in the next few years, a high efficiency system is a big selling point. Today’s buyers are energy -conscious, and upgraded systems add value.” Objection: “Is it really that much better than a standard furnace?” Response: “The technology is a step up. High-efficiency units adjust output based on demand, reduce noise, improve comfort, and reduce wear and tear. It's not just about efficiency — it’s a better experience all around.” Bonus Tip: Always Offer Both Options — But Lead With the Best Present both standard and high efficiency options side by side, but always lead with the premium solution. Say something like: “Most of our customers go with the high efficiency model because of the energy savings and rebates — but here’s a breakdown of both so you can see what fits best for your home.” This approach builds trust, shows that you’re not just upselling for the sake of profit, and empowers the customer to make an informed decision. Final Thoughts Upselling to high-efficiency furnaces isn’t about being pushy — it’s about educating and adding value. When done right, you’re helping customers make a smart investment in home comfort, energy savings, and long-term peace of mind.

Equip your team with the right tools, language, and confidence to guide these conversations — and you’ll see higher close rates, better customer satisfaction, and more refe rrals.

A bucket and a pole What more could you want on a beautiful April day?

S tate, National, Chapter News Education News

Training Programs

Northwest Technical Institute 709 Old Missouri Rd, Springdale, Arkansas 2764 Galin Cronin : info@nwti.edu 479-751-8824 SAU Tech 6415 Spellman Rd, East Camden, AR 71701 Roland Walters : cwalters@sautech.edu 870-574-4500 Southeast Arkansas College 1900 Hazel Street, Pine Bluff, AR 71603 Danny Gumm : dgumm@seark.edu 870-543-5976 UACC Hope / Texarkana 2500 South Main, Hope 71802 Leo Rateliff : leo.rateliff@uacch.edu 870-722-8507 UACC Morrilton 1537 University Blvd., Morrilton, AR 72110 Carroll Chism : chismc@uaccm.edu (501) 977-2053 UA Pulaski Tech College 3000 West Scenic Drive, NLR 72206 Matthew Lemaster : mlemaster@uaptc.edu 501-812-2795 UA Monticello / Crossett Add Your Name If you are a college or technical institute and want to be included in the list of HVACR education providers, contact the NewsMagazine 501-487-8655 news@arhvacr.org We’ll make sure you are in the next issue. Also, if we need to correct your information, please let us know. 1326 Hwy 52W, Crossett, AR 71635 Brad White : bwhite@uamont.edu 870-415-9795

Arkansas North Eastern College 4213 Main Street, Blytheville 72315 Rick Sones : rsones@smail.anc.edu 870-763-6222 Arkansas Tech University, Ozark 1700 Helberg Lane, Ozark, AR 72949 Kenneth Beeler : kbeeler@atu.edu 479-508-3333 ASU Mountain Home 4034 Hwy 63 W, Mountain Home 72653 No program at present ASU Newport 33500 US 63, Marked Tree 72365 Mark Constant : mark_constant@asun.edu 870-358-8627 ASU Searcy 1800 East Moore Avenue, Searcy Brad Cooper : bjcooper@asun.edu 501-207-6221 East Arkansas Community College Newcastle Road, Forrest City, AR 72335 Robert Jackson : rjackson@eacc.edu 870-633-5411 National Park College 101 College Drive, Hot Springs, 71913 Ashton Copaus : ashton.copaus@np.edu 501-760-4394 North Arkansas Community College 1515 Pioneer Drive, Harrison, AR 72601 Jeff Smith : jsmith@northark.edu 870-391-3382 Northwest Arkansas Community College One College Drive, Bentonville, AR 71712 A. J. Hart : ahart7@nwacc.edu 479-986-4000

HVACR NewsMagazine May 2025

Tech News

First and foremost, we need to document the use of refrigerant within the company so that we can track how it's being used and eliminate waste. At our company, all of our cylinders in use are tagged — both virgin refrigerant and recovery tanks. Our techs document how much refrigerant they use and recover, respectively, for safety and procurement purposes. Every technician is required to write down the job number and how much refrigerant was used on the tag. This practice also encourages accountability and gives us a record of what was charged or recovered in case we get callbacks related to undercharge or overcharge. Training for a Zero-Leak Policy In an ideal world, there would be no leaks, and even if there were leaks, every leak would be found, confirmed, and patched without a hitch. Unfortunately, that's not exactly realistic. Thorough nitrogen pressure testing, evacuation, and leak detection are the keys here, as is a solid visual inspection. Each time we braze, we should be checking joints and connections to look for any possible leaks or imperfections — that means using a mirror to see behind and underneath the tubing, too. We're not going to get too deep into this topic since we have a comprehensive article about leak detection and mitigation, but the bottom line is that the system needs to be able to hold steady whenever you pressurize it with nitrogen (the exact pressure should be on the equipment data plate).

Best Practices to Conserve A2L Refrigerant

Bryan Orr, HVAC School

If you own your HVAC company or are involved in management, you may have realized that our industry is currently facing a shortage of new A2L refrigerants, particularly R-454B and R-32. Our own company has faced limited availability and long lead times, mainly due to supply chain disruptions and the increased demand now that our industry is primarily installing new systems with these A2L refrigerants. (According to ACHR News, there is a shortage of cylinders that meet the required safety criteria for A2Ls, not a shortage of the actual refrigerant. You can read that article HERE.) Due to the shortage, prices have risen and will likely continue to do so, at least in the short term. The costs get passed along to our customers, and that's something we want to mitigate as much as possible. This tech tip will share our company's current plan to help our techs conserve R-454B whenever they're on the job. Tank Usage: Documentation, Documentation, Documentation

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Deep Vacuums — With Documentation Evacuation gets all of the air, moisture, and non-condensable gases out of the refrigerant tubing. A deep vacuum ensures that a refrigerant is clean, dry, and tight, which reduces the risk of oil contamination and can also confirm whether a system is leak-free. Our process is to pull a deep vacuum below 300 microns on brand-new systems and at least 500 microns on systems that have been in service. Within 10 minutes, we don't want to see the vacuum decay to above 500 microns or 1000 microns, respectively. Apps like measureQuick, MyNAVAC, and BluVac (pictured) may also monitor your decay tests for easy documentation. The system's behavior under deep vacuum can also tell you if you have a wet or leaky system; a wet system will have a sharp rise and then level off, and a leaky system will have a continuous rise.

Residential systems up to 5 tons can usually do fine with pressure tests lasting 30 – 60 minutes, but we've asked our techs to make them last an hour. When you have larger equipment with more refrigerant, such as in light commercial settings, you may need to perform a longer pressure test. (On top of that, if the manufacturer calls for a specific duration, you'll want to follow their instructions.) In refrigeration, the systems are so large that pressure tests may take 24 hours or more. During the course of a pressure test, there may be significant changes in the ambient temperature, and you don't want to mistake pressure changes due to temperature for leaks. You can use calculators like our Nitrogen Pressure Calculator in these situations.

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On top of that, allow some time for your temperature and pressure readings to stabilize, about 10 minutes or so, before adding more refrigerant. The less we have to recover later (ideally nothing), the better, even if it takes a little longer. Every pound of refrigerant we lose through leakage isn't just expensive — it may soon be irreplaceable if the packaging and supply chain issues aren't resolved. Customers depend on us to keep their systems running; we must use the refrigerant we have wisely. Our trainers worked to develop a training program based on leak detection, vacuum, and charging best practices. Below, you can find a list of HVAC School's free resources in case you want to pull any materials for your company's training programs. Leak Detection • Installation Best Practices: Brazing & Leak Checking (video) • Leak Search Tips From Bert (video) • Callback Prevention: Electronic Leak Detection (tech tip) • Refrigerant Leak Detection and Prevention: Epic Article (tech tip) Pressure Testing • Pressure Testing and Leak Checking (video) • How to Leak Test an AC With Nitrogen Pressure (video) Evacuation • How to Evacuate an AC system, Full Vacuum Procedure (video) • How and When to Use a Schrader Core Removal Tool (video) • How to Evacuate an Air Conditioning System (Fast and Deep Vacuum) (video) • Vacuum Best Practices (video) • Vacuum: Moisture vs. System Leak (tech tip by Don Gillis) • Two Tips for Tough Vacuum Jobs (tech tip by Matt Bruner)

Having a procedure in place for techs to document decay test results, as with the refrigerant usage, also promotes transparency and accountability whenever there are refrigerant-related callbacks. ALWAYS Use a Charging Scale and Allow Ample Time for the Readings to Stabilize With leak detection and evacuation out of the way, we can focus on the charging part of the equation. Whenever we charge or recover refrigerant, we should absolutely use a charging scale. Not just "when in doubt, weigh it out," but anytime we use these A2Ls. Whenever you're dealing with long line sets, you can use a calculator (again, like our Additional Charge Weight Calculator) to dial in the extra charge as accurately as possible.

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Charging •

Low AC Refrigerant Charge – How to be SURE (Does it really need Freon?) (video) • Refrigerant Overcharge Troubleshooting and Prevention (video) • How to Charge a Brand New AC System (Weighing in Refrigerant by Line Length) (video) • Charging Best & Worst Practices (video) • Charging and Recovering with MeasureQuick (video) • Checking the Charge Without Gauges (Our Process) (tech tip) • Refrigerant Charging Basics For Air Conditioning & Heat Pump Systems (tech tip) This article was furnished by the generosity of Bryan Orr, HVAC School by Techs for Techs. We encourage you to subscribe to their podcast and articles at https://hvacrschool.com/

Now, More Than Ever We Need The Association

Best Practices

Conserve Refrigerant

Save Money

Increase Profit

Serve the Customer

We don ’ t do this because it ’ s easy

We do it because it ’ s not

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superheat, the vapor compressor could have liquid refrigerant entering it and damage it! This method involves using a digital water column manometer and a static pressure tip to measure the static pressure at two locations. If you have a dual port manometer and two static pressure tips, even better! In the example below, the unit we’re testing is an upright gas furnace with an evaporator coil that is resting on top of the furnace. Because of this, the blower motor is below the evaporator coil pushing the air upwards. Since that blower motor has to exert a certain amount of pressure in order to move the air across the furnace heat exchanger and AC coil, static pressure measurements can be read. We can measure the static pressure before and after the coil to see if the pressure drop across the coil is too high. The pressure before the coil will be the higher measurement while the one above and after the coil will be a lower measurement. To get the pressure drop across the coil, we subtract the lesser measurement from the higher measurement. If the static pressure drop across the coil is too high, this means there is something restricting the airflow and causing resistance. This restriction is usually dust, hair, mold and/or loose insulation that has gathered on the underside of the coil.

Measuring the Static Pressure Drop Across an Evaporator Coil to See if it is Clogged!

If you suspect that an evaporator coil is clogged with dust but cannot visually see it, such as when you can't directly inspect on a furnace and evaporator coil, static pressure measurements can be used to determine if the pressure drop is too high. This is a quick way to determine how blocked off the under side of the coil is. The higher the pressure drop, the more restricted the coil. The more restricted the coil, the lower the CFM of airflow crossing the coil. The lower the CFM crossing the coil, the lower the amount of heat removal from the building. If the coil is very clogged with dust, it can also cause the coil to freeze up. This is due to a lack of heat from the lack of airflow crossing the coil. If there is lack of heat, the refrigerant won't boil into a vapor and superheat (increase in temperature). If there is no

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Below are steps in order to measure the static pressure drop across the evaporator coil Step 1: Turn the power off to the furnace and remove the front furnace cabinet cover. Next, locate the thermal limit switch. Here it’s easily visible, but it could also be mounted back behind the gas valve. Unscrew and remove the thermal limit switch from the hole. Place the switch and wire assembly in a location in a safe spot where it will be protected when the power is turned back on. When it is turned back on, the electrical connection will not short to ground. Temporarily place tin tape over the hole.

Step 3: Zero out the manometer and make sure the units on the manometer are set to inches of water column ("WC). Check that the removed thermal limit switch isn’t going to be shorted out on any metal, since the power will need to be turned back. Step 4: Temporarily pull/turn off the outdoor electrical disconnect because the outdoor condenser does not necessarily need to be turned on during this test. Then turn the power on to the furnace. Set the thermostat to air conditioning mode and turn the temperature down. After the blower motor is up to speed and the static pressure is constant, record the measurement. In this example, the static pressure before the coil is 0.857” WC, (inches of water column) This is a very high static pressure for the supply side of the system.

Step 2: Connect the static pressure tip to the positive port of the digital water column manometer. Then insert the static pressure tip into the hole, through the tin tape, while keeping the point facing downward toward the blower motor.

Interlude Click:

Great Video from Craig A2L Refrigerants R-454B and R-32 Explained! Bottles, Changes, Rules, Tools!

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If you don’t have a dual port manometer, you can use one with a single port to take the readings. Take the first measurement from the point above the blower motor but before the coil. In our case, we are using the thermal limit switch hole. The picture below shows a measurement of 0.85” WC.

Step 5: In order to take the second measurement, drill a small 3/8" diameter hole, using a step bit, into the supply plenum above the evaporator coil. If using a dual port manometer, add the second static pressure tip to the negative side of the digital water column manometer. Insert the static pressure tip into the hole with the tip facing downwards to measure the static pressure of the supply plenum downstream of the coil.

The second measurement is downstream of the coil and in the supply plenum. This measurement is 0.18” WC.

Step 6: The image below shows a pressure drop of 0.67” WC across the coil because the dual port digital manometer is automatically subtracting the downstream measurement of 0.18" WC from the initial measurement of 0.85" WC to equal 0.67"WC.

Subtract the second measurement from the first to determine the static pressure drop. 0.85” WC - 0.18” WC = 0.67” WC. This is the same calculation we got from using our dual port manometer.

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Step 7: Conclusion:

If you want to learn more about measuring static pressure and pressure drop, watch this video:

0.67” WC is an extremely high pressure drop to have on a system which tells us that there is some sort of blockage on the underside of the coil. This must be cleaned in order for the system to operate correctly with proper airflow. Normally, the highest pressure drop that a manufacturer may specify are 0.4 or 0.5" WC. However, a typical static pressure drop will usually be between roughly 0.1 0.35” WC. This is a dry pressure drop reading because the outdoor unit is not powered so no refrigerant is cycling through the coil causing humidity to condense onto the coil. A wet coil pressure drop may be roughly .05" WC higher than a dry measurement. Evaporator coil manufacturers list both a dry and wet coil pressure drop in "WC, based on the airflow CFM crossing the coil. Compare the actual "WC pressure drop to the manufacturer's data pressure drop to see if the unit is in spec. If the actual "WC measurement is higher or significantly higher, the underside of the coil needs to be cleaned by moving it to get access or recovering the refrigerant in order to remove and clean it. Sometimes, there is a front panel on the coil which can be temporarily removed for cleaning. If the static pressure measurements check out and are within spec, it may be possible that another airflow problem exists such as in the return ducting. Make sure to turn the power off and remount the safety switch and turn back on the outdoor disconnect. Then make sure to turn the furnace back on and test both heat and ac before leaving the jobsite.

About the Author: Craig is the owner of AC Service Tech LLC and the Author of the book “Refrigerant Charging and Service Procedures for Air Conditioning”.

Craig is a licensed Teacher of HVACR, Sheet Metal, and Building Maintenance in the State of New Jersey of the USA. He is also an HVACR Contracting Business owner of 17 years and holds an NJ HVACR Master License. Craig creates educational HVACR articles and videos which are posted at https://www.acservicetech.com & https://www.youtube.com/acservicetechchannel Act 746 Signed by Governor Read the Article, “Big Changes Are Coming” Page 5

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even the most basic concepts in the trade to help ensure that nothing gets missed. Thanks for understanding. Before reading this, you need to understand some of the terms surrounding air conditioning charging and diagnosis, specifically the term saturation. Next, you need to know something about the basic refrigerant circuit. I suggest that you understand these words and concepts before you ever attempt to charge an air conditioner; click on the links to start reading about the topics and find a solid starting point.

Refrigerant Charging Basics for Air Conditioning & Heat Pump Systems

Bryan Orr, HVAC School February 24, 2025

Before I start on this one… At HVAC School, we focus on a wide range of topics. Many of them are very basic. My experience as a trainer for over 20 years has taught me that no matter what I assume others SHOULD know, it doesn't change the fact that they often do not. This write-up is very basic, but you may find that some of the content will be useful for you to give apprentices or junior techs, or it may give you a new idea of how to explain it to them — or maybe not. Either way, I feel obligated to cover

Many who start here may ask, “What should my pressures be?” That is NOT how you charge a system, so if you are reading this to try and find that answer, just be aware that it isn't that simple. READ THE MANUFACTURER SPECS ON PROPER CHARGING FOR THE MODEL YOU ARE WORKING ON FIRST WHENEVER POSSIBLE.