Arkansas HVACR NewsMagazine November 2025

News Magazine

November 2025

Arkansas’ First and Only HVACR NewsMagazine

Scroll Compressors Bryan Orr pg 36

is a

Motivator pg 5

How Smart Are You: Take a Quiz Craig Migliacco pg 33

Launches LG Training Lab pg 11

Instructors Partner for Quality pg 27

Pg 2

A logo with a globe and blue text

AI-generated content may be incorrect.

By Arkansans 25 Ways to Increase Profit Kick off to Training Pg 28

pg 43 Personal and Business Medical Insurance

For Arkansans

News Magazine November 2025

Time to Be Thankful Wow! What a year. A2Ls, R32, 454B, refrigerant shortages, skyrocketing pricing, labor shortages … Sometimes its up, sometimes it down, sometimes we’re just looking round--trying to figure out what, when, where, and why. But, most have survived and done well this summer and are now taking a bit of a breather. On the other hand, some tell me they are booked out several weeks to a few months. Our industry has experienced an inordinate amount of shock in 2025 and it is awesome that we have come through as well as we have. Yes, that is our shock and awe. We have good reason to have lots of complaints, worries, frustrations and negativity; however, we don’t need to have created a department to internalize it as though we accept it to stay around. Let’s be thankful for all our blessings. Yes, blessings. Surely, you have seen some providence in your survival and success. We have much to be thankful for. Let’s list a few: First, for the God that loves you and is always there to hear your prayer. Second, for the family that loves you and understands how hard you work. Let’s Close it for Thanksgiving.

Third, for the greatest country that has ever existed. There may be lots of craziness these days, but America still tops them all. Fourth, for our employees and co workers. In fact, they are the ones we spend most of our time with and the ones that spend their lives making our companies successful. Thank you to all four.

News Magazine November 2025

Table of Contents

18

Editorial Time to Be Thankful

pg 2

FEATURE STORY

pg 5

How to Motivate : Food is a Motivator

State, national, chapter news Codes and Changes that Affect Fort Smith HVAC Contractors

PG 6

pg 11

J&B Supply Launches State of the Art HVAC LG Training Facility in Fort Smith Spray Foam and HVAC-What HVAC Contractors Need to Know The Big Deal About Combustion Analyzers (Tom Turner) Kirk ’ s Corner: High Efficiency Natural Gas Furnaces — the Benefits

PG 12

pg 16

pg 20

Education News Training Programs

PG 23

PG 24

HVACR Recruitment … (HVAC Excellence)

PG 27

College Instructors Partner for Quality and Consistency … (Instructor ’ s Council)

Business News 25 Ways to Increase Profitability: Kick off to Training with Ruth King (Ruth King)

pg 30 PG 33 pg 36 PG 28 PG 32

Federated ’ s Question of the Month : Fairness in Benefits

Tech News

PG 33

How Smart Are You — Take a Quiz (Craig Migliacco AC Service Tech)

PG 34

Gluing Tubing Insulation (Bryan Orr - HVAC School)

Scroll Compressors in a Changing Regulatory Landscape (Bryan Orr – HVAC School) PG 36

I’ve Done it This Way for 20 Years: That’s the Problem (Bryan Orr - HVAC School) PG

News Magazine

Arkansas’ First and Only HVACR NewsMagazine

Going Someplace in 2025 Check out MemberDeals

It ’ s a service for Association members to reduce travel and entertainment costs. Check it out on the website at arhvacr.org Log in and scroll down to Member Advantages. At the bottom, click on the MemberDeals icon. Lots of potential savings are available and it only costs you your membership. What a deal — What a deal. You might save some money and maybe not. Won ’ t know till you check it out. Let us know your experience so we can improve or share.

arhvacr.org sign in Member Deals

Exclusive Members Only Check it out!

.

News Magazine November 2025

FEATURE STORY

intended to encourage manipulation of others but to recognize importance and a job well done. It may not seem like a lot of money but it says we appreciate you. Yet, our folks need motivation and appreciation. Maybe a company could adopt an attitude of appreciation expressed in food. 1. Taking pizza to a new construction job site 2. Bringing biscuit sandwiches or donuts into the morning kick off 3. Giving a dinner out for noted service 4. Giving a gift card to an ice cream shop so they can take their kids without straining their budget 5. A gift card as an anniversary present — make that man a hero and provider 6. Birthday card and a gift card for the kids on their birthday. There are lots of ideas that will build a sense of family and appreciation and the study shows that Food is a Motivator. OK, you may not bite into this at first but give it some thought. It may be just what the motivation chef ordered. Thanksgiving is Coming

How to Motivate A recent article in Arkansas Business was interesting, amazing, yet sort of “thought so”. It quoted Harvard Business review and a study by University of South Florida. Seems that-- Food is a Motivator Frontline employees like cashiers and retail clerks value perks like food and outings. “Turns out, free meals and events like happy hours or company picnics go a long way in inspiring workers to deliver better service.” Food and social programs helped employees feel more valued and develop a greater sense of loyalty. The benefit to the company was better service and higher sales. How does this tie into the HVACR industry? My first thought was that our folks are not cashiers or retail clerks; but then I thought, aren’t we? We’re diagnosing problems, serving comfort and refrigeration, handling customer wants and frustrations, and collecting for a job well done. Actually, everyone in our industry is a frontline employee with significant interaction with the homeowner or business. Answering the phone, setting schedules, knocking on the door, explaining the problem and solution, preparing and presenting the quote, completing the job, giving the bill, collecting for the call, and following up on the customer’s satisfaction. Yes, yes, we are all frontline. OK, once again, how do we use the conclusion of this study to our industry. What was the conclusion of the study? We are motivated by food. Yep. We’re motivated by food. By the way, this is not

I am Motivated

HVACR NewsMagazine November 2025

State National Chapter News

Codes and Changes that Affect Fort Smith HVAC Contractors

To Fort Smith Builders, Contractors, Owners

5- Dryer vents under slab can only be ran in PCD pipe (polyvinyl coated Ductwork) or 26 gauge metal in 2 inches of concrete with 3 mil plastic wrap around concrete, and come up in 6 inch wall to a dryer box. If dryer is ran up wall it needs to be 28 gauge start in a dryer box and not be oval or deflected must stay 4 inch round start to finish. If straight back through wall to outside then can be 28 gauge but no dryer box is required. All termination kits for dryers must be metal. 2021 IMC 504 6- Line sets running on the outside surface of residential or commercial buildings must be in a line set cover to within 6 feet of the equipment it connects to. 7- Commercial duct thickness starts at 28gauge (up to 10inch) and goes up, Residential duct starts at 28 gauge and goes thicker as it gets larger. 2021 IMC Chapter 6 8- If a house is going to be foam then the inspector needs to know on rough in, there are different requirements for fresh and make up air, as well as on type of furnaces and requirements for combustion. 9- If you are foaming a Commercial building and the foam is not encapsulated then a 15 minute vapor barrier (intumescent) is required on any exposed foam. (Attic areas and exposed areas) must meet 25 flame 50 smoke rating.

There are many new mechanical codes and changes that the State HCAVR Division and the State Mechanical Inspectors have advised our city staff of. The City of Fort Smith Mechanical Inspection Staff is trying to make everyone aware of them. Here are some of the major changes that effect construction and remodels so that everyone is on the same page. 1- Drains for HVACR equipment cannot go to sanitary sewer. Some can drain in grassy areas while others will need to go to storm or French drains areas. City of Fort Smith ORD 25-207 2- You can no longer have combustibles in the return on residential construction. This includes underside of platforms if used, water heaters, drains, electric, pumps, etc. If the unit is located in the garage or closet accessed through the garage then insulated metal (26 gauge) will have to be used as the return and metal (26 gauge) will be run through the sidewall, ceiling, floor from garage area then 28 gauge metal or flex can be ran after that point. If located inside the house surrounded by conditioned air then you can line it with sheetrock, duct board, or metal and seal. 2021 IMC 602, 2021 IBC 703.5 3- When setting condensers outside in front of electric (service, disconnects, meter bases) or windows and doors used for emergency egress you must maintain 36 inches of clearance. 4- Commercial (multifamily) has the same code requirements on indoor air handlers, furnaces as residential on what can be in the return air plenum or duct. (see #2)

10- All primary drain terminations must be marked in green. (Tape, paint, etc.) 2021 IMC section 307

11- All condensate drains will have a clean out before the trap. 2021 IMC section 307

12- On existing equipment change outs, the equipment cannot set on a wood platform, it must either have

HVACR NewsMagazine November 2025

State National Chapter News

metal it sits on or a filter base installed separate from the equipment that it sits on. Then seal the existing platform, and all penetrations. 13- Sediment traps are required after shutoff on gas lines at all equipment using gas. This is new construction and change outs. 2018 AFGC 408.4 14- Disconnects are required for air handlers. Can no longer use the breakers in the air handler as a means of disconnect. 2021 NEC 424.19 (A)

Dennis Curry, Mechanical Inspector for Fort Smith was the guest host on the October 2025 Lunch & Learn. Very informative covering much of what appears in this article. He was also a guest speaker at the Fort Smith HVACR Association Chapter in September. The local chapter welcomes his thoroughness and support of contractors in the Fort Smith service area. Click on the following link to view the Lunch & Learn on YouTube.

15- Ft. Smith has an ordinance that prevents gas flex to be used outside. 6-243 (17)

16- Summit Energy (AOG) requires 36 inches around there meters clearance from electrical components, equipment, and openings back into building.

Any questions please contact:

Dennis Curry, Mechanical Inspector (479) 784 2238 Dcurry@fortsmithar.gov Darrell Reynolds, Mechanical Inspector (479) 784-2249 darrell.Reynolds@fortsmithar.gov

October 13 2025 YouTube

Did You Know?

Arkansas & Missouri Railroad Many people probably ride this train all day - 8 hours, from Springdale to Van Buren and then back. However, a shorter version is the 3-hour round-trip from Van Buren to Winslow. According to the Railroad staff - this is the prettiest section of the 70-mile long rail route. Lunch and cold drinks are served so this is a very nice trip. The cars are in really good condition and comfortable. If you have a few bucks extra - splurge for the Dome car. It is really worth it. A review from Tripadvisor

http://www.edssupply.com/arkansas

5% Energy Resource Conservation Loans

A Touchstone Energy® Partner

• No down payment • Low 5% interest • Up to 84 months to pay • Write one check for your payment and electric bill

• No early payment penalty • Low hassle loan application Call Southwest Arkansas Electric Member Service Department 800-782-2743

SUMMARY OF ERC LOAN PROGRAM Southwest Arkansas Electric Cooperative Energy Resource Conservation (ERC) Loan Program provides low cost financing for high efficiency heat pumps and other energy conservation improvements needed to make your home energy efficient. With approved credit and completion of the home survey, SWAECC will loan up to $5,000 per member per residential structure at 5% interest for up to 84 months. These loans are to finance energy conservation measures including heat pumps (including water source), caulking, weather stripping, insulation, storm or thermal doors and windows, etc. Loans for more than $5,000 will need Board of Director approval. Loans which do not include a heat pump will be limited to $3,000. To qualify, all conservation measures must save enough energy within 10 years to pay for the improvements. Payback estimates are determined by the Cooperative's Home Survey. Because loan funds are limited, loans will be made on a first come, first served basis. QUALIFICATIONS To qualify for the loan the member must have a good credit history with Southwest Arkansas Electric Cooperative and a good national credit rating. A three-member loan committee will check the member's credit before approving the loan. Loans will only be made for existing homes or buildings. The program is not for homes under construction. Also, property must be owned by the member. The cooling capacity of the heat pump should not exceed 125% of the calculated design load. The heat pump must also meet minimum efficiency ratings to qualify. The SEER rating must be 14.0 or above and the HSPF must be 8.0 or higher. All duct work, including all supply and return air duct work, must be installed with a minimum of 2" duct insulation or rigid fiberglass board and must be sized properly for noise reduction and air flow. HOME SURVEY Before a loan can be made, a home energy survey must be completed. This is a questionnaire concerning the existing and proposed energy efficiency of the property . CONTACT YOUR DEALER We advise but do not require you to contact more than one qualified dealer or contractor for cost estimates to install a heat pump and making other improvements such as storm windows or insulation if they are advised. To qualify for the ERC Loan, the unit must be installed by a member of the Arkansas HVACR Association. SUBMIT APPLICATION FOR ERC LOAN Complete and return the credit application, and the credit check authorization form in this brochure. Your application will be submitted to our loan committee for consideration, and we will notify you in writing of their decision. Once your credit is approved, we will need a copy of the deed to your property for proof of ownership and a legal description. The cooperative will file a lien on the proper-ty to secure the loan. A one-time fee of $30 will be charged to cover the cost of placing and releasing the property lien PROCESSING LOAN DOCUMENTS Upon completion of the work, a serviceman will inspect it. When the invoice is received and the inspection is complete, we will make an appointment for you to come to our Texarkana office to sign the loan papers and have them notarized. All checks will be two-party checks made out to both you and the contractor or contractors. NOTE : Cost of equipment and installation are to be negotiated between you and your contractor. You will be responsible for getting the invoices to us for processing and making payment to your contractor. A two-party check will be written to both you and the dealer . Sign the check only after work is completed.

HVACR NewsMagazine November 2025

State National Chapter News

J&B Supply Launches State of the Art LG HVAC Training Facility in Fort Smith

J&B Supply, Inc., a regional distributor of HVAC, plumbing, and electrical products, has officially opened its new LG HVAC Training Center at its Fort Smith headquarters. The state of the art facility was developed in partnership with LG Electronics USA to provide hands on education for HVAC installers, and service professionals across the region. The new center showcases LG’s fast growing product lineup, featuring live working LG systems, including ductless mini splits, multi head units, a VRF system, and a ducted heat pump setup. This comprehensive range allows participants to train on the same advanced technology they’ll encounter in the field gaining practical skills in installation, diagnostics, and repair. The training program includes both classroom instruction and hands on lab sessions, with courses designed to prepare technicians for LG Pro Dealer certification.

Becoming an LG Pro Dealer provides access to extended 12 year warranties, exclusive pricing, and marketing support helping contractors strengthen their competitiveness and profitability in a rapidly evolving HVAC market. In addition to technical skills gained in class, HVAC professionals will be able to acquire state approved CEU hours to maintain their credentials. With its opening, J&B Supply continues its long standing commitment to supporting the HVAC community through education, partnership, and innovation. The Fort Smith LG Training Center marks another milestone in J&B’s mission to provide the region’s contractors the tools, training, and resources they need to succeed. For an upcoming class schedule or registration information, contact your local J&B Supply or call the corporate office at (479) 649-4915.

Training Facility 4915 South Zero, Fort Smith

HVACR NewsMagazine November 2025

State National Chapter News

Article Preface:

Spray Polyurethane Foam Insulation has become a huge part of our conversation. To prepare for our October 2025 continuing education classes, the Association joined the Spray Polyurethane Foam Alliance. They have an amazing amount of technical and installation material. We are pleased to have a close relationship with SPFA and believe that all foam-ers should be members of their Association. This is the first of what we hope will be a series of articles to inform the HVACR industry, educators, foam-ers, and homeowners how to use and enjoy the benefits of Polyurethane foam. In fact, we hope they will supply training materials to our college energy and construction education programs. These articles and information represent the research and opinions of SPFA and are for your consideration; however, as with all products, we recommend that you get approvals from your local inspectors before using any equipment or product.

• Energy savings, with potential reductions of up to 30% or more in heating and cooling costs. • Durability and longevity • Sound dampening • Flood resistance* * closed-cell SPF However, realizing the full potential of SPF insulation requires collaboration between HVAC and insulation contractors during the early stages of design and planning – for both new and existing buildings. Proper system sizing and ventilation strategies are critical, especially given the airtight nature of SPF-sealed enclosures. Oversized or undersized HVAC systems can compromise energy efficiency, occupant comfort, moisture management and indoor air quality. Additionally, SPF insulation introduces specific fire protection considerations that may influence HVAC system design. These requirements must be addressed proactively to ensure compliance with building codes and to maintain occupant safety.

Spray Foam and HVAC- What HVAC Contractors Need to Know Integrating high-efficiency HVAC systems with a building envelope insulated and air-sealed using spray polyurethane foam (SPF) creates energy-efficient, durable structures that offer superior comfort for occupants. SPF insulation provides a range of benefits, including: • Highest R-values per inch among insulation materials*. • Air sealing and moisture control*, reducing drafts and preventing mold and mildew. • Improved indoor air quality by minimizing allergens and pollutants. • Enhanced structural integrity*.

HVACR NewsMagazine November 2025

State National Chapter News

As the industry continues to prioritize sustainable and high-performance building practices, the partnership between HVAC and insulation professionals becomes increasingly vital. By working together, they can deliver buildings that not only meet energy codes but also exceed expectations for comfort, durability, and environmental responsibility. Air Tightness, SPF Insulation, and the Importance of Balanced Ventilation Recent updates to residential energy codes now mandate blower door testing,to measure air leakage, with defined maximum thresholds. In cold climates, homes must achieve an air leakage rate below 2.5 ACH 50 , moderate climates must be below 3.0 ACH 50 , and warmer climates allow up to 5.0 ACH 50 Meeting these standards can be challenging with air-permeable insulation materials like fiberglass and cellulose, which often require additional air sealing. In contrast, spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation naturally delivers a tighter building envelope, with typical air leakage rates between 1.0 and 1.5 ACH 50 — well below code limits. Since the spray foam, not the interior drywall, forms the air pressure boundary, a blower door test can be conducted before the drywall is installed. Homes sprayed with either low-density or medium-density SPF usually far exceed the air sealing requirements, but if additional sealing is necessary, it’s much easier to touch-up before drywall.

This high level of airtightness significantly improves energy efficiency and indoor comfort, but it also impacts HVAC system design: Lower air leakage achieved with SPF must be accounted for. A tighter envelope means HVAC systems must be properly sized to avoid over-conditioning and ensure optimal performance. Moreover, SPF-insulated homes often fall below the minimum air exchange rates required for maintaining healthy indoor air quality. The guiding principle “Build tight – ventilate right” is especially relevant. Most homes insulated with SPF will require supplemental mechanical ventilation to maintain fresh air exchange. While there are multiple approaches to ventilation, unbalanced systems — such as introducing fresh air directly into the HVAC return — can compromise energy savings and indoor comfort. The HVAC contractor is the ventilation expert and selling and installing a properly engineered ventilation system can add to job revenue and profit. The most effective and energy-efficient solution is a balanced ventilation system using an Energy Recovery Ventilator (ERV) or Heat Recovery Ventilator (HRV). These systems provide continuous fresh air while recovering energy from exhaust air, helping builders meet code

requirements performance.

without

sacrificing

Fire Protection

SPF is a combustible material, and building codes reflect this reality. To

HVACR NewsMagazine November 2025

State National Chapter News

around the appliance using thermal barrier materials.

ensure occupant safety, SPF must be separated from living spaces by a 15 minute thermal barrier (TB) — typically ½" gypsum board as prescribed by the building code or an approved intumescent coating as an alternative TB. In some attics and crawlspaces with limited access and not used for storage, where direct occupancy is rare, an ignition barrier (IB) covering or coating may suffice. The detailed requirements for TB and IB are covered in Technical Document SPFA-126. But when HVAC systems enter the picture, the rules change. Attics and crawlspaces are common locations for gas-fired heating systems, and when these spaces are insulated with SPF, several precautions are essential: • Dedicated Makeup Air : SPF creates an extremely airtight enclosure. Combustion appliances need a reliable source of fresh air to operate safely. Without it, negative pressure can lead to back drafting and dangerous carbon monoxide buildup. High temperature exhaust from gas appliances must maintain safe distances from SPF and other combustibles. This isn’t just good practice —it’s code . Around Equipment : If SPF is present near combustion equipment, it must be protected. When direct application of a TB is impractical (as in large attics), contractors should build an enclosure Exhaust Clearance : Thermal Barriers

Not all heating systems pose the same risk. High-efficiency furnaces with PVC exhaust systems are generally safe to install in contact with SPF, thanks to their lower exhaust temperatures and sealed combustion design. In unvented attics and crawlspaces with limited access where spray polyurethane foam (SPF) is not protected by a prescriptive ignition barrier (IB), air should not be circulated into these spaces from occupiable space. As a result, these areas cannot be actively conditioned using supply and return airflow. Open ventilation between the floor below an unvented attic and the occupied space beneath — or between the floor above an unvented crawlspace and the space above — can allow smoke to enter occupied areas during a fire. However, when SPF is protected by a thermal barrier (TB) in these locations, active conditioning and open-air exchange with occupied spaces is allowed. Ductwork located in unconditioned spaces is frequently under-insulated and poorly sealed. Spray polyurethane foam (SPF) offers an effective solution for both insulation and air sealing of ducts; however, its use is subject to specific limitations: • Metal Ducts: SPF may be applied to the exterior of metal ducts in accordance with ICC guidelines. When used in this manner, the foam must be protected with the same fire-rated SPF and Ductwork

•

•

HVACR NewsMagazine November 2025

State National Chapter News

covering—either an IB or TB—as required for SPF in the surrounding space. • Flexible Ducts and Duct Board: SPF may also be applied to the exterior of ducts constructed from flexible ducts or duct board materials. These duct materials are typically tested and approved under UL181. However, the application of SPF to their exterior is generally not included in the UL181 approval scope and may fall outside standard compliance. Always check with the duct material manufacturer for specific approvals. • Interior Surface Requirements: Building codes mandate that all interior surfaces of ductwork and plenums achieve a flame spread index of ≤25 and a smoke developed index of ≤50, as tested per ASTM E84/UL 723. SPF and other foam plastic insulations do not meet these criteria unless covered by a prescriptive thermal barrier, such as ½-inch gypsum board. • Air Distribution Limitations: Supply and return air must be conveyed through approved duct materials. Attics and crawlspaces insulated with SPF must not be used as return or supply plenums under any circumstances.

SPF offers high R-values, air sealing, moisture control, and structural benefits, but its airtight nature demands precise HVAC sizing and balanced ventilation — typically via ERV or HRV systems. SPF also introduces fire protection requirements: thermal or ignition barriers must separate it from living spaces, especially near combustion appliances. In attics and crawlspaces, SPF must not be used as a return or supply plenum, and ductwork must meet flame and smoke spread codes. Early collaboration between HVAC and insulation professionals is essential to ensure safety, code compliance, and optimal performance. 1 ASTM E779-19 Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization , ASTM International, Conshohocken, PA 1 ASTM E1827-17 Standard Test Methods for Determining Airtightness of Buildings Using an Orifice Blower Door, ASTM International, Conshohocken, PA 1 2024 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC), Section R402.5.1.3, International Codes Council, www.iccsafe.org 1 2024 International Building Code (IBC), Section 2603 or International Residential Code (IRC), Section R303 (R315 in prior IRC versions), International Codes Council, www.iccsafe.org 1 SPFA Technical Document SPFA-126, Thermal and Ignition Barriers for the SPF Industry. Spray Polyurethane Foam Alliance https://www.sprayfoam.org/technical-documents/ 1 2024 IBC Section 2113 or IRC Section R1005.8 1 2024 International Mechanical Code (IMC) Section 604.3 or IRC Section M1601.4.6 or 1 UL181 Factory-Made Air Ducts and Air Connectors , 2021, UL Standards and Engagement, Underwriters Laboratories, Bensenville, IL 1 2024 IMC Section 602.3 or IRC Section M1601.3 All references made to ICC documents refer to the 2024 versions. Prior versions of these codes may be used in different jurisdictions. These earlier code versions may have different section numbers and content. References

Summary

Integrating high-efficiency HVAC systems with spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation creates durable, energy efficient buildings with superior comfort.

HVACR NewsMagazine November 2025

State National Chapter News

and the familiar snap disc limit located strategically at several points in the appliance. All are designed to keep the fuel and air flow coordinated. These steps are to simply keep the appliance safe and have little to do with efficient operation . Most fire deaths in the U.S. are the result CO poisoning. Burns are the consequence of an unconscious victim. Breaking down the cause of CO poisoning outside of residential fires is another matter entirely. Accidental equipment failure and improper use of auxiliary equipment are major secondary causes of poisoning. CO safety awareness in fall is important, as the chart below shows that heating equipment use is a leading factor in CO poisonings.

The Big Deal About Combustion Analyzers

Tom Turner, Air Evangelist

Every fall and winter, contractors and technicians hear the same words. Safety, carbon monoxide, and combustion. All the terms roll back to the first one, “ Safety” . A contractor's primary responsibility is to assure proper equipment operation during seasonal checkups. While there are general steps to take to ensure the environment around combustion appliances are conducive to proper operation, an analyzer is required if technicians are to truly tune for efficient operation and safety. Without a combustion analyzer you are wasting your customer’s time and money, pushing aside safety and liability. Finally, your service is substandard. In its infancy, gas furnaces had a two step safety to prevent fire. Step one was to make sure the blower came on as the heat exchanger temperature rose. And the second was to make sure the duct temperature did not exceed 250 degrees. Either a restable snap disc limit and or a fusible link would shut off low voltage gas supply. That was it. Today’s equipment is far superior to those installed in the early days of central heating systems with forced air. Electronic control module, timed ignition safety, roll out sensors, flame sensors, Safety

Figure 2: Estimated Number of Product-Related Carbon Monoxide Deaths by Month of Death 2007-2017

Source: U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission

HVACR NewsMagazine November 2025

State National Chapter News

The second event tied to CO poisoning occurs during or just after storm or disaster recovery. Generators are improperly used to provide power for well pumps, refrigeration and lighting. Carbon monoxide is colorless, odorless gas. CO’s mechanics as a poison, works to displace oxygen, thus death by asphyxiation is the result. CO is breathed in and binds with hemoglobin at a rate 200 times more readily than oxygen. This binding makes less room for oxygen to be carried by the blood. CO in the body is cumulative, and toxicity builds with repeated exposure. CO’s half -life in room air is five to six hours. With this fact in mind, we see why poor combustion with relation to many types of fuel fired appliances can poison people over long periods of time. If anyone on your team comes across a victim of CO poisoning it is incredibly important to get oxygen for those exposed. First responder oxygen is the first step to dilute the concentrations of CO. Pure oxygen treatment like those in a hospital will reduce the CO half-life from six hours to ninety minutes as the entire body will benefit from oxygen saturation. Hyperbaric chambers can reduce the half-life to thirty minutes. The higher the CO concentration and longer CO exposure leads to more damage to the body. Carbon monoxide

Combustion process

During the manufacturing process for furnaces conditions are well controlled. Just as air flow is monitored by static pressure, fuel pressure is monitored and internal gas pressure set at 3.5”wc. with field adjustments of 3”wc to 5”wc expected due to variables after installation. In the field everything changes. Just as the manufacturer has no idea how the furnace or air handler performs regarding air flow, the same goes for influences working against efficient combustion. Is there enough primary and secondary air? Does the air flow across the heat exchanger maximize performance? Is the flue termination of sufficient height and clearance? What is the btu content of the fuel source? The manufacturer keeps the pressure on the safe side from the factory. The Combustion Analyzer gives you the information to formulate answers for most of the questions above. With proper training the information becomes a handbook for maximizing combustion performance and safe operation of combustion appliances. While most air conditioning installation errors result in

HVACR NewsMagazine November 2025

State National Chapter News

mechanical stress being placed on other components in the system, fuel fired appliance errors most likely result in poor performance, equipment failure and possible CO production. Few installations mirror the testing criteria found on the manufacturing test platform. Use of the analyzer will give the btu yield, tell you if flue temperatures are out of range, provide information to maximize heat exchange and whether the gas valve is leaking. There are basic check lists to make sure nothing is overlooked from many sources listed later. The items listed here are by no means complete or in proper order. We are just hitting the high points. Building Performance Institute (BPI) recommends you start evaluating the system visually from the street looking at combustion venting if visible. Next is the task of checking a personal CO monitor and zeroing the combustion analyzer outside before entering and keeping an eye on the tool. Once inside a primary observation of an open flue is mandatory. A cursory inspection of the filter, blower wheel, general condition of the furnace may be a prudent step prior to putting the furnace through its paces. Inspection of the system should include mechanical and electrical connections, signs of corrosion due to combustion spillage or condensation due to temperature change or roof and vent leaks. Proper slopes on vents and condensate drains should be noted.

Next is the Combustion Appliance Zone or CAZ testing with a manometer. This test measures pressure differentials in a worst-case scenario to make sure competing appliances or vents will not interfere with proper drafting of larger fuel fired appliances.

Educating the homeowner of findings and the importance of CO monitoring full time is a final step. Fast forward a few years and you will see temperature sensors in the flue and heat exchanger, O2 sensors and a

processor in the furnace controls for full time burner management like similar to the automotive industry today.

Solutions

There are many avenues for training of related to carbon monoxide poisoning and combustion safety and everyone working on combustion appliances should have a grasp of the fundamentals. The National Safety Council, U.S. Fire Administration, OSHA and the NFPA provide basic tips and safety training. Esco digs deeper and most manufacturers like Bacharach, Field Piece, and Testo provide a general knowledge of CO training with respect to safety practices and specific to their tools. Building Performance Institute (BPI) does a good job of identifying deficiencies when it comes to combustion in combination with safety and a perspective of building science.

HVACR NewsMagazine November 2025

State National Chapter News

When it comes to a detailed package of training that identifies combustion deficiencies and explains corrective action, National Comfort Institute (NCI) has long been the premier trainer for understanding and tuning of combustion equipment largely in part of Jim Davis. Jim approached the issue of combustion tuning to prevent CO poisoning with relentless energy. Jim’s methods and formulas have been in the books for decades. Only on the other side of this life, will we understand the impact of life saving fundamentals Jim taught. Jim always thought operation costs and maintenance savings were secondary to life safety. Jim taught us not to worry about the cost of a quality combustion analyzer. He explained you don’t gamble on life safety with cheap equipment and the better the analyzer, the easier the problems are to solve. NCI’s training identifies a combination of scenarios to solve any number of problems found in the field. Fortunately, there are several choices in quality analyzers available today. After my initial training with NCI over two decades ago, I recalled a Mark Twain quote; "It ain't what you don't know that gets you into trouble. It's what you know for sure that just ain't so." As a first step this season, you might purchase personal CO monitors for technicians. They are a great way to protect your employees and give instant notification in unfavorable conditions on

the job, but a combustion analyzer and training is the best way to begin.

This article was furnished by Tom Turner, The Air Evangelist. You should get to know Tom. His knowledge and commitment to the industry is greatly appreciated.

Reprint from Mayo Clinic:

Carbon monoxide poisoning: Symptoms

Carbon monoxide poisoning affects the brain and heart the most. Exposure over time might lead to symptoms that can be mistaken for those of the flu without the fever. Clearer symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning can include:

Headache. Weakness. Dizziness.

•

•

•

Nausea or vomiting. Shortness of breath.

•

•

Confusion.

•

Blurred vision.

•

Sleepiness.

•

Loss of muscle control.

•

• Loss of consciousness. Symptoms related to the nervous system and brain can come on after recovery from carbon monoxide poisoning. The risk of these is higher in older people and people who lost consciousness from breathing carbon monoxide. Symptoms might include: Movement problems. Carbon monoxide poisoning can be especially dangerous for people who are asleep or have used illicit drugs, alcohol or medicines that make them very sleepy. Carbon monoxide poisoning can cause brain damage or death before anyone realizes there's a problem. • Memory loss. • Personality changes. •

ARHVACR NewsMagazine November 2025

S tate, National, Chapter News State national Chapter News

Kirk’s Corner High-Efficiency Natural Gas Furnaces The Benefits As demand for energy increases and costs continue to rise, homeowners and businesses alike are seeking more efficient and reliable ways to heat their spaces. One effective solution lies in high-efficiency natural gas furnaces . These advanced heating systems offer a range of benefits, including potential cost savings, environmental advantages, and enhanced customer satisfaction. Here's why investing in a high-efficiency natural gas furnace is a wise choice. One noticeable benefit of a high efficiency furnace is the potential for reduction in utility costs . High efficiency furnaces typically have an AFUE (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency) rating of 90% to 98% , meaning that nearly all the gas burned is converted into usable heat. In contrast, older models may only reach 60-80% efficiency. Over the lifetime of the furnace, the higher efficiency can translate into significant savings — especially in the 1. Lower Energy Bills

winter months where the furnace runs frequently.

2. Reduced Environmental Impact

High-efficiency natural gas furnaces consume less fuel than older, lower efficiency systems to produce the same amount of heat, which results in lower greenhouse gas emissions . They are a more eco-friendly choice compared to older, lower efficiency systems and even some other fossil fuel-based heating methods. If you're aiming to reduce your carbon footprint, upgrading to a high efficiency furnace is a practical and impactful step. Modern high-efficiency furnaces often include features like: • Two-stage or modulating burners : These adjust the flame size to match the heating needs of your home, resulting in more consistent temperatures. • Variable-speed blowers : These improve air circulation, reduce noise, and enhance humidity control. 3. Advanced Technology and Comfort

ARHVACR NewsMagazine November 2025

S tate, National, Chapter News State national Chapter News

systems. can significantly reduce upfront costs and make energy-efficient options more attainable. These programs

• Smart thermostats : Many models offer intelligent controls, allowing for remote monitoring and more precise temperature management. If Energy Star certified, they may also qualify for a $60 rebate from Summit Utilities.

7. Enhanced Indoor Air Quality

Modern high-efficiency systems often include better filtration and ventilation options , which help remove dust, allergens, and pollutants from the air. Some systems can also be integrated with humidifiers and air purifiers, contributing to healthier indoor air quality. Switching to a high-efficiency natural gas furnace is a forward-thinking investment that can pay off in multiple ways: lower energy bills, increased comfort, improved environmental impact, and other potential incentives, resulting in overall customer satisfaction. Whether you're replacing an old system or building a new home, choosing a high-efficiency option helps you stay warm efficiently, affordably, and comfortably. Conclusion

The result is better indoor comfort with fewer temperature fluctuations.

4. Long-Term Cost Savings While high-efficiency models may come with a higher upfront cost , the potential for long-term savings on energy bills and Summit Utilities rebates can offset the initial investment. Additionally, they can increase the value of your home and may be a selling point for future buyers who are energy-conscious. 5. Quiet and Reliable Operation Thanks to better insulation and improved technology, high-efficiency furnaces tend to operate more quietly than their older counterparts. They also often deliver greater reliability, with fewer breakdowns and longer service lives when properly maintained. 6. Rebates and Incentives Summit Utilities offers generous rebates for qualifying high-efficiency gas furnaces, and it's also essential to check for manufacturer incentives . It may also be the final year to take advantage of available tax credits for upgrading to high-efficiency heating

Need information on Rebates? Contact Kirk at tpierce@summitutilities.com

Now is a great time for customers to earn rebates on high-efficiency natural gas furnaces and water heaters! These energy-efficient systems are not just practical, they’re also fantastic choices that can truly elevate your customers’ home comfort and savings. equipment with rebates from Summit Utilities! Increase your sales of high-efficiency natural gas

Receive $100 for every qualifying rebate you submit!

Residential and small business rebates: • Up to $800 for qualifying heating systems • Up to $700 for qualifying tankless water heaters • Up to $1,700 for combination furnace plus tankless water heater Learn more at SummitUtilities.com/Rebates

S tate, National, Chapter News Education News

Training Programs

Northwest Technical Institute 709 Old Missouri Rd, Springdale, Arkansas 2764 Galin Cronin : info@nwti.edu 479-751-8824 SAU Tech 6415 Spellman Rd, East Camden, AR 71701 Roland Walters : cwalters@sautech.edu 870-574-4500 Southeast Arkansas College 1900 Hazel Street, Pine Bluff, AR 71603 Danny Gumm : dgumm@seark.edu 870-543-5976 UACC Hope / Texarkana 2500 South Main, Hope 71802 Leo Rateliff : leo.rateliff@uacch.edu 870-722-8507 UACC Morrilton 1537 University Blvd., Morrilton, AR 72110 Carroll Chism : chismc@uaccm.edu (501) 977-2053 UA Pulaski Tech College 3000 West Scenic Drive, NLR 72206 Matthew Lemaster : mlemaster@uaptc.edu 501-812-2795 UA Monticello / Crossett Add Your Name If you are a college or technical institute and want to be included in the list of HVACR education providers, contact the NewsMagazine 501-487-8655 news@arhvacr.org We’ll make sure you are in the next issue. Also, if we need to correct your information, please let us know. 1326 Hwy 52W, Crossett, AR 71635 Brad White : bwhite@uamont.edu 870-415-9795

Arkansas North Eastern College 4213 Main Street, Blytheville 72315 Jody Woodard : jwoodard@ smail.anc.edu 870- 780-1231 ext 1431 Arkansas Tech University, Ozark 1700 Helberg Lane, Ozark, AR 72949 Kenneth Beeler : kbeeler@atu.edu 479-508-3333 ASU Mountain Home 4034 Hwy 63 W, Mountain Home 72653 No program at present ASU Newport 33500 US 63, Marked Tree 72365 Mark Constant : mark_constant@asun.edu 870-358-8627 ASU Searcy 1800 East Moore Avenue, Searcy Brad Cooper : bjcooper@asun.edu 501-207-6221 East Arkansas Community College Newcastle Road, Forrest City, AR 72335 Robert Jackson : rjackson@eacc.edu 870-633-5411 National Park College 101 College Drive, Hot Springs, 71913 Hannah Lammers : hannah.lammers @np.edu 501-760-4394 North Arkansas Community College 1515 Pioneer Drive, Harrison, AR 72601 Jeff Smith : jsmith@northark.edu 870-391-3382 Northwest Arkansas Community College One College Drive, Bentonville, AR 71712 Lashanda Owens : 13owens1 @nwacc.edu 479-986-4000

HVACR NewsMagazine November 2025

education News

instructors are already stretched thin, juggling day, afternoon, and night programs, often on their own. They need help! Recruitment isn’t just the responsibility of educators, it’s everyone’s job! You know firsthand what kind of entry-level technicians you’re looking for. You can tell the real story of what a career in HVACR looks like and why it’s a smart, future-proof career move. The Untapped Talent Pool: Students Already in the Trades While visiting the nearly 27,00 high schools, over 1,000 community colleges, and over 85,00 trade schools across the United States sounds admirable, it’s not efficient, especially since many students have already committed to non-trade career paths. The smarter move? Focus on the roughly 1,400 HVACR training programs already operating within these schools. These students have already chosen the trades. They’ve invested time, money, and energy into learning the basics and gaining hands-on experience. A ll that’s left is for them to choose an employer who can offer a meaningful path forward. Engaging with these programs allows contractors to connect with motivated individuals who are already committed to a skilled trade. These students represent the future of our industry, and they’re ready to work.

HVACR Recruitment

The United States is facing a critical shortage of skilled workers across the building trades. This challenge is about to deepen as 40% of today’s skilled tradespeople are expected to retire within the next decade. At the same time, the nation’s birth rate has dropped to just 1.6 children per couple. That combination means fewer people entering the workforce and even fewer entering the trades. Now more than ever, the HVACR industry must adapt and innovate to recruit and retain the next generation of talent, and contractors have a pivotal role to play in shaping that future.

Why Contractors Must Get Involved Ask most contractors who should be out recruiting young talent, and they’ll often point to trade school instructors. But let’s be real, most

HVACR NewsMagazine November 2025

education News

Engage Effectively: Start with the PAC One of the most impactful ways to build relationships with HVACR programs is by participating in Program Advisory Committee (PAC) meetings. These meetings allow industry stakeholders including manufacturers, wholesalers, contractors, and technicians to evaluate and enhance program quality. These meetings allow you to see the program offered firsthand, tour facilities, review resources, and make recommendations to improve the program’s outcomes. Contractors who participate in PACs often gain early access to top talent. Instructors tend to recommend students to companies that actively support their programs. Showing up, offering feedback, and being a resource builds goodwill, and often, a reliable hiring pipeline. When you attend the meeting, ask questions to understand the program being offered. Hour long is the program in months, contact hours? What specific courses are offered, and what are their expected outcomes? How many students are enrolled in the program, how many completed it recently, and what percentage of them were placed in the HVACR industry. Make the Most of Your Visit

While you may be there in hopes of hiring people, your role during the meeting is to represent the industry. Look at the textbooks, do they align with current codes and standards? Tour the lab. Is the equipment modern and relevant? Does it reflect the actual job site experience? Most importantly, be respectful when you interact with their students! Never say things that could damage the program’s credibility or student retention, like “Why did you choose this school?” or “Drop out, we’ll train you for free.” These comments can undermine the program’s funding and burn bridges. Visit Schools and Share Your Story Too many students, and their parents still think a four-year degree is the only path to success. But the Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics data tells a different story. It shows that 20% of jobs require a bachelor’s degree or higher. That means 80% do not! In fact, 67% of jobs require post secondary technical training. By visiting classrooms and career fairs, you help shift the narrative. Talk about your own path, potential earnings, job satisfaction, independence, and the problem solving nature of your work. Help students understand that HVACR is not a fallback, it’s a first-choice career with real opportunities.